Knee Replacement Surgery In India: Cost, Procedure And Outcomes

At a Glance: Key Takeaways for Knee Replacement Surgery in India

Knee replacement is a proven option for those with severe knee arthritis who do not benefit from other treatments. The procedure can relieve pain, restore mobility, and improve quality of life for many patients in India.

• Choose surgery when pain limits daily activities despite medication.
• Consider non-surgical options if symptoms are mild or manageable.
• Opt for surgery if X-rays show advanced joint damage.
• Delay surgery if medical conditions are not well controlled.
• Discuss risks and recovery expectations with your doctor.

Who Should Consider Knee Replacement Surgery in India?

Knee replacement is typically advised for adults with moderate to severe osteoarthritis or rheumatoid arthritis who experience persistent knee pain and stiffness. Candidates often find that daily activities such as walking, climbing stairs, or getting up from a chair become difficult or impossible, even after trying medications, physiotherapy, and lifestyle changes.

Doctors may recommend this surgery when X-rays show significant joint damage and other treatments have failed to provide relief. People with deformity of the knee, swelling, or instability that affects their independence may also benefit. However, the decision is individualised, and factors like age, overall health, and activity level are considered before proceeding.

• Severe pain with movement
• Limited mobility despite conservative care
• Joint deformity or instability
• Failure of medications and physiotherapy

Knee Replacement Surgery in India: Cost, Procedure, Recovery and Success Rate Cost

The typical cost for knee replacement in India ranges from ₹1,80,000–₹3,60,000 (≈ $2,150–$4,350 USD) for a single knee, depending on hospital type, city, and implant choice^[c1]. Private hospitals in metro cities like Delhi or Mumbai may charge towards the higher end, while government or trust hospitals can offer lower rates. The package usually covers surgery, hospital stay, basic implants, and immediate post-operative care.

Recovery after knee replacement generally involves a hospital stay of 3–5 days, followed by physiotherapy for several weeks. Most patients can walk with support within a few days and resume daily activities in 4–6 weeks. Success rates are high, with over 90–95% of patients reporting significant pain relief and improved function^[c2]. Complications are uncommon but can include infection, blood clots, or implant issues.

Explore a detailed breakdown of knee replacement surgery cost in India by visiting our in-depth guide knee replacement surgery cost in India.

Symptoms and Functional Limitations of Knee Arthritis Before Surgery

People with advanced knee arthritis often experience persistent pain, swelling, and stiffness in the joint. This discomfort may worsen with activity and can disrupt sleep. Many individuals notice a grinding or clicking sensation, and the knee may appear deformed or feel unstable during movement.

These symptoms can severely restrict daily life. Walking long distances, climbing stairs, or even standing for short periods may become difficult. Some patients require walking aids or support from others. As the condition progresses, it can lead to loss of independence and reduced participation in work or social activities.

• Chronic knee pain and swelling
• Difficulty walking or climbing stairs
• Reduced joint flexibility and strength
• Dependence on support for mobility

Diagnosis and Pre-operative Assessment for Knee Replacement

Key Imaging Tests and Laboratory Investigations Required

Before knee replacement, doctors typically order X-rays to assess the extent of joint damage and alignment. In some cases, an MRI may be used to evaluate soft tissue structures around the knee. Blood tests are also essential to check for anemia, infection, and overall health status. These investigations help ensure the patient is a suitable candidate and identify any potential risks before surgery^[c3].

How Doctors Assess Surgical Fitness and Candidacy

Doctors evaluate surgical fitness by reviewing the patient’s medical history, current medications, and any chronic conditions such as diabetes or heart disease. A thorough physical examination, including cardiac and respiratory assessment, is performed to minimize surgical risks. Only those who are likely to benefit and can tolerate anesthesia are considered for the procedure^[c4].

Common Pre-Surgery Consultations and Evaluations

Patients usually meet with an orthopedic surgeon, anesthesiologist, and sometimes a physiotherapist before surgery. These consultations address expectations, pain management plans, and post-operative rehabilitation. Pre-surgery evaluations may also include dental and cardiac check-ups to reduce the risk of infection and complications during recovery.

• X-rays and blood tests are standard
• Cardiac and respiratory fitness checked
• Consultations with multiple specialists

Types of Knee Replacement Procedures Available in India

Total Knee Replacement: Indications and Benefits

Total knee replacement is recommended for patients with severe arthritis affecting most or all of the knee joint. This procedure involves replacing the damaged surfaces with artificial implants, which can significantly reduce pain and improve mobility. The main benefit is a marked improvement in quality of life for those with advanced joint degeneration^[c5].

Partial Knee Replacement: Who Is It Suitable For?

Partial knee replacement is suitable for individuals with damage limited to one compartment of the knee. It preserves more of the natural bone and ligaments, leading to a quicker recovery and a more natural knee movement. This option is ideal for younger or more active patients with localized arthritis.

Revision Knee Replacement: When Is It Needed?

Revision knee replacement is performed when a previous implant fails due to wear, infection, or loosening. This surgery is more complex than the initial procedure and may require specialized implants. Patients who experience persistent pain or instability after their first knee replacement may need this intervention.

How to Choose the Right Hospital and Surgeon for Knee Replacement

Factors to Consider When Selecting a Hospital in India

When choosing a hospital for knee surgery, consider accreditation, infection control standards, and the availability of advanced technology. Hospitals like Apollo Hospitals and Fortis Healthcare are examples of facilities that offer specialized orthopedic care. It is important to check if the hospital provides comprehensive rehabilitation services and transparent pricing.

What to Look for in a Knee Replacement Surgeon

Look for a surgeon with extensive experience in knee replacements and a track record of successful outcomes. Board certification, patient reviews, and willingness to discuss risks and expectations are key factors. A good surgeon will provide clear information about the procedure and address all your concerns.

• Check hospital accreditation and infection rates
• Review surgeon’s experience and credentials
• Ensure access to post-surgery rehabilitation

Preparing for Knee Replacement Surgery: Steps and Tips

Preparation for knee surgery starts with following your doctor’s instructions on medications, fasting, and pre-operative exercises. Patients may be advised to stop certain drugs, such as blood thinners, and to practice strengthening exercises to aid recovery. It is important to arrange for help at home and prepare your living space for safety after discharge.

On the day of surgery, bring all necessary documents and arrive early for pre-operative checks. Wear loose, comfortable clothing and remove any jewelry. Following these steps can help reduce anxiety and improve your post-surgery experience.

1. Follow medication and fasting instructions
2. Arrange home support for after surgery
3. Practice prescribed knee exercises

Anaesthesia and Pain Management Options During Knee Replacement

Types of Anaesthesia Used in Knee Replacement Surgery

During knee replacement, patients typically receive either general anaesthesia, which puts them into a controlled sleep, or regional anaesthesia, such as spinal or epidural blocks, which numb the lower body while the patient remains awake. The choice depends on medical history, patient preference, and surgeon recommendation. Regional anaesthesia is often preferred for its lower risk of certain complications and faster recovery of alertness after surgery^[c6].

Pain Control Strategies During and After Surgery

Pain management involves a combination of medications and techniques. Surgeons may use local anaesthetic injections around the knee, nerve blocks, and oral or intravenous painkillers to keep discomfort under control. After surgery, a multimodal approach—using different types of pain relief—can help patients move sooner and reduce opioid use. Early pain control is crucial for starting physiotherapy and improving outcomes^[c7].

• General anaesthesia: patient is fully asleep
• Spinal/epidural: numbness below the waist
• Nerve blocks: targeted pain relief
• Multimodal pain control: combines methods

Step-by-Step Overview of the Knee Replacement Surgical Procedure

The procedure begins with the patient being positioned and the surgical area sterilised. The surgeon makes an incision over the knee to access the joint. Damaged cartilage and bone are carefully removed from the ends of the femur and tibia. The surfaces are then shaped to fit the artificial components, which are fixed in place using special bone cement or a press-fit technique.

Once the new joint surfaces are secured, the surgeon checks alignment and movement before closing the incision with sutures or staples. A sterile dressing is applied, and the patient is moved to recovery. The entire operation usually takes 1–2 hours. Most patients begin gentle movement of the knee within 24 hours to support healing and prevent stiffness^[c8].

1. Incision and exposure of knee joint
2. Removal of damaged tissue
3. Implant placement and alignment check
4. Closure and sterile dressing

Hospital Stay and Immediate Post-Operative Care After Knee Replacement

Most patients stay in the hospital for 2–4 days after knee replacement. During this period, the care team monitors vital signs, manages pain, and checks for early complications such as infection or blood clots. Early mobilisation, often with the help of a physiotherapist, is encouraged to reduce risks and promote recovery.

Patients may receive blood thinners to prevent clots and antibiotics to lower infection risk. The surgical wound is checked regularly, and dressings are changed as needed. Discharge planning includes instructions on wound care, medications, and when to seek medical help. Early movement and following medical advice are key to a smooth recovery^[c9].

Recovery Timeline and Rehabilitation After Knee Replacement

Typical Recovery Milestones in the First Three Months

Most patients start walking with support within a day after surgery. By the end of the first week, many can move around with a walker or crutches. Swelling and pain usually decrease steadily, and stitches or staples are removed after 10–14 days. By 6 weeks, patients often resume light daily activities, though full recovery can take up to three months^[c10].

At three months, most people regain significant knee function and can walk unaided for short distances. However, improvement may continue for up to a year. Following the rehabilitation plan and attending regular follow-ups help ensure the best possible outcome and reduce the risk of complications.

• First week: walking with support
• 2–6 weeks: increased mobility, less pain
• 6–12 weeks: return to daily activities
• 3+ months: ongoing strengthening

Role of Physiotherapy in Regaining Mobility and Strength

Physiotherapy is essential after knee replacement. Therapists guide patients through exercises that improve joint movement, strengthen muscles, and restore balance. Early sessions focus on gentle range-of-motion and walking, while later stages include resistance and functional training. Consistent physiotherapy can speed up recovery and help patients return to normal life^[c11].

Therapists also teach safe ways to perform daily tasks and prevent falls. Home exercises are usually recommended to maintain progress. Regular feedback from the physiotherapist ensures exercises are done correctly and adjusted as needed for individual needs.

1. Range-of-motion exercises
2. Strengthening major leg muscles
3. Walking and balance training
4. Education on safe movement

Expected Outcomes and Success Rates of Knee Replacement in India

Knee replacement in India typically leads to significant pain relief and improved mobility for most patients. Studies show that over 90% of individuals experience better joint function and quality of life after the procedure. The majority can resume daily activities within a few months, although high-impact sports are generally discouraged.^[c12]

The success rate for knee implants in India is comparable to global standards, with about 95% of implants lasting at least 10 years and many functioning well for 15–20 years. Factors such as age, activity level, and adherence to rehabilitation can influence individual outcomes. Most patients report high satisfaction with the results.^[c13]

• Most regain independence in daily tasks
• Over 90% report reduced pain
• Implant survival often exceeds 10 years
• Improved walking and climbing stairs

Potential Risks and Complications of Knee Replacement Surgery

While knee replacement is generally safe, it does carry some risks. The most common complications include infection, blood clots, and stiffness around the joint. Less frequently, patients may experience implant loosening, nerve injury, or persistent pain. Early detection and prompt treatment can reduce the impact of these issues.^[c14]

Some individuals may develop allergic reactions to implant materials or experience delayed wound healing. Rarely, revision surgery may be needed if the implant fails or complications arise. Following your surgeon’s instructions and attending regular follow-ups can help minimise these risks.

• Infection (1–2% risk)
• Blood clots in legs or lungs
• Joint stiffness or reduced range of motion
• Implant loosening over time
• Need for revision surgery (rare)

Long-Term Care and Implant Durability After Knee Replacement

Proper long-term care is essential to maximise the lifespan of your knee implant. Most artificial knees can last 15–20 years or longer with regular monitoring and healthy lifestyle choices. Patients are advised to maintain a healthy weight, avoid high-impact activities, and attend scheduled check-ups to detect any early signs of implant wear or loosening.^[c13]

Routine low-impact exercise, such as walking or swimming, helps keep the joint flexible and supports overall health. If you notice increased pain, swelling, or instability, consult your orthopaedic specialist promptly. Early intervention can prevent more serious complications and may extend the life of your implant.

Lifestyle Changes and Activity Guidelines After Knee Replacement

After knee replacement, patients are encouraged to adopt certain lifestyle changes to protect their new joint. Activities such as walking, cycling, and swimming are generally safe and help maintain joint flexibility. High-impact sports like running or jumping should be avoided to reduce the risk of implant damage.^[c15]

Daily routines may need minor adjustments, such as using supportive footwear and avoiding prolonged kneeling. Most people can return to work and drive within a few weeks, depending on their recovery progress. Following physiotherapy and activity guidelines can help ensure a smooth transition back to normal life.

• Choose low-impact exercises for joint health
• Use assistive devices if needed initially
• Avoid twisting or sudden knee movements
• Follow your physiotherapist’s advice

Alternatives to Knee Replacement Surgery: Non-Surgical Options

Non-surgical treatments can help manage knee pain and improve function for many people with osteoarthritis or other knee problems. These options may delay or even avoid the need for joint replacement, especially in early or moderate cases. Common approaches include physical therapy, weight management, and medications such as pain relievers or anti-inflammatory drugs.

Other alternatives include intra-articular injections, such as corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid, which can provide temporary relief from pain and swelling. Assistive devices like braces or walking aids may also reduce strain on the knee. However, these methods typically offer symptom control rather than a permanent solution, and their effectiveness may decrease as joint damage progresses.

• Choose non-surgical care when symptoms are mild or moderate.
• Opt for injections if oral medications are not enough.
• Consider surgery if pain severely limits daily activities.
• Physical therapy is best for improving mobility and strength.
• Weight loss is recommended for overweight individuals.

Special Considerations for Elderly and High-Risk Patients Undergoing Knee Replacement

Elderly and high-risk patients require special attention before and after knee surgery. Age-related health issues, such as heart disease, diabetes, or reduced kidney function, can increase the risk of complications. A thorough preoperative assessment is essential to identify and manage these risks, and some patients may need additional cardiac or anesthesia evaluations.

Postoperative care for these individuals often involves closer monitoring and tailored rehabilitation plans. Recovery may be slower, and there is a higher chance of needing support with mobility or daily activities. Preventive measures, such as early mobilization and infection control, are especially important to reduce the risk of complications in this group.

• Comprehensive health check before surgery
• Individualized rehabilitation plans
• Extra precautions for infection and blood clots
• Family or caregiver support may be needed

Insurance Coverage and Government Schemes for Knee Replacement in India

Most private health insurance plans in India cover knee replacement, but the extent of coverage and waiting periods may vary. It is important to check policy details, including exclusions and sub-limits. Some major hospitals, such as Apollo Hospitals and Fortis Healthcare, accept cashless claims for knee procedures, making the process smoother for patients.

Government schemes like Ayushman Bharat (PM-JAY) provide financial assistance for eligible families, covering a significant portion of surgical and hospital costs^[c16]. State-specific programs may also offer support for economically weaker sections. Patients should carry all necessary documents and consult the hospital’s insurance desk for guidance on claim procedures and scheme eligibility.

Latest Advances and Trends in Knee Replacement Surgery in India

Recent years have seen significant advancements in knee surgery, offering patients improved outcomes and faster recovery. Minimally invasive techniques, such as smaller incisions and muscle-sparing approaches, can reduce pain and speed up rehabilitation. The use of computer-assisted and robotic systems helps surgeons achieve more precise implant placement, potentially enhancing joint function and longevity^[c17].

Other trends include patient-specific implants, which are tailored to an individual’s anatomy, and enhanced recovery protocols that focus on early mobilization and pain control. These innovations may not be available at all centers and can affect the overall cost of treatment. Patients should discuss the suitability and benefits of these options with their orthopedic surgeon.

• Minimally invasive surgery reduces tissue trauma
• Robotic assistance improves implant accuracy
• Custom implants fit individual anatomy
• Enhanced recovery protocols speed up discharge

Frequently Asked Questions About Knee Replacement Surgery in India

What is the average hospital stay after knee replacement?

The average hospital stay after knee replacement surgery in India is about 3 to 5 days. Most patients are monitored for pain, mobility, and wound healing before being discharged. Early movement and physiotherapy usually begin in the hospital to help with a smooth recovery.

How soon can I walk after knee replacement surgery?

Most people can start walking with support within 24 hours after knee replacement surgery. Early movement is encouraged to reduce complications and speed up recovery. Physiotherapists guide patients to walk safely and regain strength.

Is knee replacement surgery painful during recovery?

Some pain and discomfort are normal after knee replacement, especially in the first few days. However, doctors use pain medicines and physical therapy to manage this. The pain usually decreases as healing progresses, and most patients feel much better within a few weeks.

What are the chances of complications after knee replacement?

The risk of serious complications after knee replacement surgery is low, usually less than 2%. Common issues include infection, blood clots, or stiffness. Most patients recover well with proper care, and doctors take steps to reduce these risks during and after the procedure.

How long does a knee implant typically last?

A knee implant usually lasts 15 to 20 years for most patients. The lifespan depends on factors like age, activity level, and overall health. Modern implants and surgical techniques have improved durability and long-term success rates.

Are both knees replaced at the same time safe?

Replacing both knees at the same time, called bilateral knee replacement, can be safe for healthy patients. Doctors carefully assess each person’s health before recommending this option. It may reduce overall recovery time, but it also carries higher risks for some people.