Understanding Lung Cancer:


Lung cancer is a major public health issue in India, with rising incidence and mortality rates. It is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths among both men and women in the country. Understanding the specific factors contributing to lung cancer in India, as well as the available treatment options and preventive measures, is crucial for addressing this growing health concern.

Types of Lung Cancer?

Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a cancer of lung cells. The lungs are the main organs of the respiratory system. They deliver oxygen to the blood and remove carbon dioxide from the blood.
Cancer is a disease that causes cells to grow out of control. The overgrowth of lung cancer cells becomes a mass called a tumor. Lung cancer cells also don’t stay in place and may grow through the lung wall. They may break away from a tumor, spread outside the lung, and form more tumors.
Cancers that have spread to the lungs are not lung cancers. For example, stomach cancer that has spread to the lungs is still stomach cancer.

Small cell Lung Cancer

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a highly aggressive form of lung cancer, comprising about 15% to 20% of all lung cancer cases. It is known for its rapid growth and tendency to spread quickly to other parts of the body, making early detection and treatment crucial.

Lung Cancer Staging

TNM Staging System

T (Tumor) Score:

  • TX: Primary tumor cannot be assessed.
  • T0: No evidence of primary tumor.
  • T1: Tumor is 3 cm or smaller and is limited to the lung.
    • T1a: Tumor is 2 cm or smaller.
    • T1b: Tumor is larger than 2 cm but not more than 3 cm.
  • T2: Tumor is larger than 3 cm or involves the main bronchus or invades the visceral pleura.
    • T2a: Tumor is larger than 3 cm but not more than 5 cm.
    • T2b: Tumor is larger than 5 cm but not more than 7 cm.
  • T3: Tumor is larger than 7 cm, involves the chest wall, diaphragm, mediastinal pleura, or pericardium, or is associated with atelectasis or obstructive pneumonitis of the entire lung.
  • T4: Tumor of any size that invades nearby structures such as the heart, great vessels, trachea, esophagus, vertebral body, or carina.

N (Nodes) Score:

  • NX: Regional lymph nodes cannot be assessed.
  • N0: No regional lymph node metastasis.
  • N1: Metastasis in ipsilateral peribronchial and/or ipsilateral hilar lymph nodes.
  • N2: Metastasis in ipsilateral mediastinal and/or subcarinal lymph nodes.
  • N3: Metastasis in contralateral mediastinal, contralateral hilar, ipsilateral or contralateral scalene, or supraclavicular lymph nodes.

M (Metastasis) Score:

  • MX: Distant metastasis cannot be assessed.
  • M0: No distant metastasis.
  • M1: Distant metastasis present.
    • M1a: Metastasis in a single extrathoracic organ or site.
    • M1b: Metastasis in multiple extrathoracic organs or sites.
    • M1c: Metastasis with malignant pleural or pericardial effusion, or with separate tumor nodule(s) in the contralateral lung.

Staging in Small cell Lung Cancer

Limited Stage SCLC

Limited Stage: This stage indicates that the cancer is confined to one side of the chest and can be encompassed within a single radiation therapy port. It typically includes:

  • Cancer confined to one lung and possibly nearby lymph nodes.
  • Treatable with a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy aimed at shrinking the tumor and preventing its spread.

Extensive Stage SCLC

Extensive Stage: In this advanced stage, the cancer has spread beyond the primary site in the lung to distant organs or tissues, making it challenging to treat with localized therapies alone. This stage includes:

  • Cancer that has spread to the other lung, distant lymph nodes, or other organs such as the liver, bones, or brain.
  • Requires systemic treatments such as chemotherapy, immunotherapy, or targeted therapy to manage cancer throughout the body.

Staging in Non-Small cell Lung Cancer

Stage 0: Carcinoma in situ

At this early stage, cancer cells are found only in the layer of cells lining the air passages (epithelial cells) and have not spread deeper into lung tissues or outside the lung itself.

Stage I

Stage IA: Cancer is localized within the lung and is relatively small, measuring less than 3 cm in diameter.

Stage IB: Cancer remains localized within the lung but may be slightly larger, either between 3 cm to 4 cm in size or it involves the main airway of the lung (bronchus).

Stage II

Stage IIA: Cancer has grown larger than 4 cm in size and may have spread to nearby lymph nodes on the same side of the chest as the primary tumor.

Stage IIB: Cancer is found either in larger tumors that involve structures around the lung (such as the chest wall or diaphragm) or smaller tumors that have spread to nearby lymph nodes.

Stage III

Stage IIIA: Cancer has spread to lymph nodes on the same side of the chest as the primary tumor, and may also involve lymph nodes near the windpipe, the center of the chest, or near the collarbone.

Stage IIIB: Cancer has either spread to lymph nodes on the opposite side of the chest or above the collarbone, or it has grown into critical structures within the chest cavity like the heart, major blood vessels, or the esophagus.

Stage IV

At this advanced stage, cancer has typically spread beyond the lungs. It may have spread to the other lung, to fluid around the lung (pleural effusion), or to distant parts of the body such as the liver, bones, or brain. Stage IV NSCLC is considered metastatic and requires comprehensive treatment strategies tailored to manage cancer throughout the body.

    Importance of Staging

    Your lung cancer's stage is determined through diagnostic tests, which provide essential information for:

    • Prognosis: Predicting the likely course of the cancer based on its stage.
    • Treatment Guidance: Helping oncologists select the most appropriate treatment options.
    • Clinical Trials: Facilitating enrollment in trials testing new therapies for specific stages of lung cancer.

    Lung Cancer Diagnosis in India

    Overview

    Lung cancer diagnosis in India involves several steps and various tests to determine the presence of cancer, its type, and the extent of its spread. Accurate diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment planning and management.

    Initial Evaluation

    The diagnostic process typically begins with an initial evaluation by a healthcare provider, which includes:

    • Medical History: Gathering information about symptoms, risk factors, family history, and previous medical conditions.
    • Physical Examination: A thorough physical examination to check for signs of lung cancer and overall health status.

    Imaging Tests

    Imaging tests are crucial in diagnosing lung cancer as they provide detailed pictures of the lungs and other structures. Common imaging tests available in India include:

    • Chest X-ray: The first imaging test often used to look for abnormal areas in the lungs.
    • CT Scan (Computed Tomography): Provides detailed cross-sectional images of the lungs and other chest structures, helping to detect small tumors and assess their size, shape, and location.
    • PET Scan (Positron Emission Tomography): Helps to determine the metabolic activity of the lung lesions, distinguishing between benign and malignant tumors.
    • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Used in specific cases to evaluate the spread of cancer to the brain or spine.

    Laboratory Tests

    Laboratory tests involve analyzing samples of blood, sputum, or tissue to identify cancer cells and determine their characteristics:

    • Sputum Cytology: Examining mucus (sputum) coughed up from the lungs under a microscope to check for cancer cells.
    • Blood Tests: While not used to diagnose lung cancer directly, blood tests can provide information about overall health and organ function.

    Biopsy Procedures

    A biopsy is the definitive way to diagnose lung cancer. It involves taking a sample of abnormal tissue for examination under a microscope:

    • Bronchoscopy: A thin, flexible tube with a camera is inserted through the nose or mouth into the lungs to collect tissue samples.
    • Needle Biopsy: A needle is inserted through the chest wall into the lung to remove a small sample of tissue. This can be guided by imaging techniques such as CT or ultrasound.
    • Thoracentesis: Removing fluid from the space between the lungs and the chest wall (pleural space) for analysis.
    • Surgical Biopsy: In some cases, surgery may be necessary to obtain a tissue sample, such as during a thoracoscopy or mediastinoscopy.

    Molecular and Genetic Testing

    Molecular and genetic tests analyze the cancer cells for specific genetic mutations or markers that can influence treatment decisions. Common tests include:

    • EGFR Mutation Testing: Checks for mutations in the EGFR gene, which can be targeted by specific drugs.
    • ALK Rearrangement Testing: Identifies changes in the ALK gene, which can be treated with targeted therapies.
    • PD-L1 Testing: Measures the level of PD-L1 protein on cancer cells to determine eligibility for immunotherapy.

    Therapies Based on Stages for Small Cell Lung Cancer in India

    Limited Stage SCLC: Treatment for limited-stage SCLC typically involves chemotherapy combined with radiation therapy (chemoradiotherapy). This approach aims to target the primary tumor and nearby lymph nodes effectively. Additionally, prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) is often recommended to reduce the risk of brain metastases, a common occurrence in SCLC.

    Extensive Stage SCLC: Chemotherapy remains the mainstay of treatment for extensive-stage SCLC. Combinations of chemotherapy drugs are used to control cancer spread throughout the body. Immunotherapy may also be incorporated as a first-line treatment in combination with chemotherapy for select patients. Targeted therapy options are currently investigational in SCLC, with limited applications based on specific genetic mutations identified in some cases.

    Therapies Based on Stages for Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in India

    Stage 0 (Carcinoma in situ): Surgery is typically the primary treatment option for Stage 0 NSCLC. The goal is to completely remove the cancerous tissue, aiming for a cure by excising the localized tumor.

    Stages I and II (Early-stage NSCLC): For operable tumors, surgery remains the cornerstone of treatment. It involves removing the tumor and potentially nearby lymph nodes to eradicate cancer cells. In cases where surgery is not feasible or to reduce the risk of recurrence, radiation therapy may be used alone or in combination with surgery. Chemotherapy may also be recommended, particularly for larger tumors or when there is a higher risk of cancer returning after surgery.

    Stage III (Locally Advanced NSCLC): Chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is the standard treatment for Stage III NSCLC. This approach combines chemotherapy with radiation therapy to shrink the tumor and target nearby lymph nodes. In select cases where the tumor responds well to initial treatment, surgery may be considered. Targeted therapies are also utilized for tumors with specific genetic mutations (e.g., EGFR mutations), often in combination with standard treatments to improve outcomes.

    Stage IV (Advanced NSCLC): Systemic therapy forms the basis of treatment for Stage IV NSCLC. This includes chemotherapy, targeted therapy (such as for EGFR or ALK mutations), and immunotherapy. The goal is to manage cancer throughout the body and improve quality of life. Palliative radiation therapy may be used to alleviate symptoms and enhance comfort for patients. Palliative care focuses on symptom management and enhancing quality of life, particularly for those with advanced disease.

    Stage-wise Therapies and Survival Rates for SCLC

    Stage Therapies 5-Year Survival Rate
    Limited Stage
    • Chemotherapy (e.g., cisplatin and etoposide)
    • Radiation therapy
    • Prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI) for brain metastasis prevention
    		 20-30%
    Extensive Stage
    • Chemotherapy (e.g., carboplatin and etoposide)
    • Immunotherapy (e.g., atezolizumab)
    • Radiation therapy for symptom control
    		 2-10%

    Stage-wise Therapies and Survival Rates NSCLC

    Stage Therapies 5-Year Survival Rate
    Stage I
    • Surgery (lobectomy, pneumonectomy, or wedge resection)
    • Adjuvant chemotherapy (for high-risk patients)
    		 70-90%
    Stage II
    • Surgery
    • Adjuvant chemotherapy
    • Radiation therapy (for inoperable cases)
    		 50-60%
    Stage III
    • Concurrent chemoradiation
    • Immunotherapy (e.g., durvalumab)
    • Surgery (in select cases)
    		 20-30%
    Stage IV
    • Targeted therapy (e.g., EGFR inhibitors, ALK inhibitors)
    • Immunotherapy (e.g., pembrolizumab)
    • Chemotherapy
    • Radiation therapy for symptom control
    		 2-10%

    Information Gathered During Staging

    During the staging process for lung cancer, the following information is gathered:

    • Tumor Size (T): Determines the size of the primary tumor and whether it has invaded nearby tissues.
    • Lymph Node Involvement (N): Indicates whether the cancer has spread to nearby lymph nodes, and if so, how many and where.
    • Distant Metastasis (M): Assesses whether the cancer has spread to distant organs such as the lungs or liver.
    • Biomarker Testing: Identifies specific genetic mutations or biomarkers that may influence treatment decisions, such as EGFR mutations or ALK rearrangements.

    Treatment Options for Lung Cancer in India

    Surgery:

    Lung cancer surgery involves various procedures tailored to the tumor's size, location, and spread. A lobectomy removes one lobe of the lung and is often performed when cancer is confined to one section.

    Pneumonectomy involves removing an entire lung, typically necessary for larger or centrally located tumors. Wedge resection, or segmentectomy, removes a small part of the lung containing the tumor and a margin of healthy tissue, suitable for smaller, early-stage cancers.

    Each surgical option aims to remove cancerous tissue while preserving as much lung function as possible, with the choice depending on the specific characteristics of the tumor and the patient's overall health.

    Therapies:

    Chemotherapy:
    Chemotherapy uses powerful drugs to kill cancer cells throughout the body, making it a key treatment for lung cancer that has spread beyond the lungs. These drugs target rapidly dividing cells, including cancer cells, but can also affect normal cells, leading to side effects such as nausea, fatigue, hair loss, and increased susceptibility to infections.

    Chemotherapy can be administered orally or intravenously, and treatment is usually given in cycles to allow the body time to recover. Supportive care measures, including anti-nausea medications, dietary adjustments, and blood cell growth factors, help manage side effects and improve the patient's quality of life during treatment.


    Radiation Therapy:
    Radiation therapy involves high-energy rays to destroy cancer cells, with advanced techniques like intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) offering precise targeting of lung tumors.

    IMRT uses computer-controlled linear accelerators to deliver radiation that conforms to the tumor's shape, minimizing damage to surrounding healthy tissue. SBRT delivers high doses of radiation in fewer sessions, focusing on small, well-defined tumors.

    These techniques allow for effective treatment of lung cancer while reducing side effects such as damage to the esophagus, heart, and lungs, making radiation therapy a critical component of lung cancer treatment.


    Immunotherapy:
    Immunotherapy enhances the body's immune system to fight cancer, with drugs like pembrolizumab (Keytruda) and nivolumab (Opdivo) playing a pivotal role. These drugs are checkpoint inhibitors that block proteins, such as PD-1/PD-L1, which cancer cells use to evade immune detection. By inhibiting these proteins, immunotherapy drugs enable the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells more effectively.

    This approach has shown significant promise in treating advanced lung cancer, offering longer-lasting responses compared to traditional therapies and providing new hope for patients with previously limited treatment options.


    Targeted Therapy:
    Targeted therapy involves drugs designed to inhibit specific molecular pathways critical for cancer cell growth and survival. These drugs, such as erlotinib (Tarceva) and crizotinib (Xalkori), target mutations in genes like EGFR and ALK, which are commonly found in lung cancer.

    By focusing on these genetic changes, targeted therapy can effectively kill cancer cells with fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy. This personalized approach allows for more precise treatment, improving efficacy and reducing the impact on healthy cells, making it a vital option for patients with specific genetic profiles.


    Emerging Therapies:
    Emerging therapies for lung cancer include innovative treatments such as CAR T-cell therapy and bispecific antibodies, which are being explored in clinical trials. CAR T-cell therapy involves modifying a patient's T-cells to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) that specifically target cancer cells, offering a highly personalized and potent treatment.

    Bispecific antibodies are engineered to bind simultaneously to cancer cells and immune cells, bringing them into close proximity to enhance the immune response against the tumor. These cutting-edge therapies hold great promise for improving outcomes in lung cancer patients, particularly those with advanced or treatment-resistant disease.


    Post Treatment cost for Lung Cancer in India

    After your treatment is successfully completed, there will be a series of regular check-ups and possibly X-rays or scans. While post-treatment costs for lung cancer treatment in India will vary from person to person, here is an average breakdown to help you plan your medical expenses better.

    Cost Component Estimated Cost (INR) Estimated Cost (USD)
    Post-treatment medicines ₹10,000 - ₹50,000 $193 - $644
    Daycare and accommodation (2-6 days) ₹10,000 - ₹25,000 $193 - $322

    Lung Cancer Surgery in India

    Lung cancer surgery in India is a crucial treatment option for patients diagnosed with lung cancer. The type of surgery depends on the stage and location of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health.


    Common types of lung cancer surgery performed in India include wedge resection, segmental resection, and lobectomy. During these surgical procedures, the surgeon removes the tumor and surrounding tissue to prevent the spread of cancer cells. The Cost of Lung Cancer surgery is Rs. 5,00,000 to Rs.10,00,000. The primary goal of lung cancer surgery is to eradicate the cancer and enhance the patient's quality of life. In India, lung cancer surgery is often combined with other treatments such as chemotherapy and radiation therapy for comprehensive cancer care.

    Surgical options for lung cancer and their Cost:

    Lobectomy:
    Removal of an entire lobe of the lung. This is the most common surgery for NSCLC. The cost of a lobectomy in India ranges from INR 2,00,000 to INR 4,50,000 depending on the hospital, surgeon's experience, and city.
    Pneumonectomy:
    Removal of an entire lung. This is usually done if the cancer is centrally located.The cost of a pneumonectomy in India ranges from INR 2,50,000 to INR 5,50,000.
    Segmentectomy:
    Removes a larger portion of the lung but not an entire lobe. The cost of a segmentectomy in India ranges from INR 1,50,000 to INR 3,50,000.
    Wedge Resection:
    Removes a small, wedge-shaped portion of the lung.The cost of a wedge resection in India ranges from INR 1,00,000 to INR 2,50,000.
    Sleeve Resection:
    Removal of part of the bronchus with reattachment, preserving more lung tissue. Surgical outcomes depend on the cancer stage and patient's health. Minimally invasive techniques like Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery (VATS) and robotic surgery offer quicker recovery times and fewer complications.The cost of a sleeve resection in India ranges from INR 2,00,000 to INR 4,50,000.

    Short-term Side effect after Surgery

    1. Pain and Discomfort

    Pain at the Incision Site: Following lung surgery, it's common to experience pain at the site of the surgical incision. This discomfort is typically managed with prescribed pain medications to ensure comfort and facilitate mobility.

    Chest Pain: Manipulation of chest structures during surgery can cause chest pain. This pain is temporary and generally improves as healing progresses.

    2. Breathing Difficulties

    Shortness of Breath: Patients may experience shortness of breath, especially following procedures like lobectomy (partial lung removal) or pneumonectomy (entire lung removal). This symptom often resolves gradually as lung function improves.

    Persistent Cough: Irritation to the airways from surgery can lead to a persistent cough. This usually diminishes over time but may require symptom management with medications.

    3. Fatigue

    Post-operative fatigue is common due to the body's energy expenditure in healing. Patients may feel tired and have reduced energy levels for several weeks following surgery. Adequate rest and gradual physical activity can help manage fatigue.

    4. Infections

    Wound Infections: There is a risk of infection at the surgical site, which is carefully monitored post-surgery. Signs of infection such as increased redness, swelling, or discharge should be reported to healthcare providers promptly.

    Pneumonia: Reduced lung capacity and immobility after surgery can increase the risk of pneumonia. Patients may receive preventive measures such as breathing exercises, early mobility, and possibly antibiotics to reduce this risk.

    Long-term Side Effects of Lung Cancer Surgery

    Lung cancer surgery is a critical treatment option, particularly for patients with early-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). While surgery can be life-saving, it also comes with several potential long-term side effects. Understanding these can help patients and their caregivers prepare for the postoperative period and manage any complications that arise.

    Chronic Pain

    One of the most challenging long-term side effects is chronic pain, which can significantly affect a patient's quality of life.

    Post-thoracotomy Pain Syndrome (PTPS): This condition involves chronic pain around the surgical incision site or within the chest that can persist for months or even years after the surgery. PTPS is characterized by pain that can be neuropathic, involving nerve damage, or muscular due to the surgical procedure. Management typically includes pain medications, physical therapy, and sometimes nerve blocks or other interventions.

    Reduced Lung Function

    Surgery, particularly procedures that involve removing significant portions of lung tissue, can lead to long-term reductions in lung function.

    Decreased Lung Capacity: The removal of lung tissue, such as in lobectomy (removal of a lung lobe) or pneumonectomy (removal of an entire lung), can result in permanently reduced lung capacity. This means the remaining lung tissue has to work harder to provide the body with oxygen.

    Breathing Difficulties: Long-term shortness of breath is common among patients who have undergone lung cancer surgery. This can affect daily activities and overall endurance. Pulmonary rehabilitation and respiratory therapy are crucial in helping patients improve their breathing efficiency and quality of life.

    Changes in Physical Appearance

    Surgical procedures can also lead to noticeable changes in physical appearance.

    Scarring: Visible scars from the surgical incisions are a common long-term effect. These scars can vary in size and visibility depending on the surgical approach used (e.g., open thoracotomy vs. minimally invasive surgery).

    Changes in the Chest Wall: Some patients may experience changes in the shape or appearance of their chest wall. This can be due to the removal of lung tissue, the healing process of the ribs and muscles, or the development of scar tissue.

    Psychological Effects

    The psychological impact of lung cancer surgery should not be underestimated. The experience of dealing with cancer and undergoing major surgery can lead to various emotional and mental health challenges.


    Lung Cancer Treatment Cost Comparison in India

    Treatment Type Estimated Cost (INR)
    Chemotherapy ₹50,000 - ₹2,00,000 per cycle
    Radiation Therapy ₹1,50,000 - ₹4,00,000
    Surgery ₹2,00,000 - ₹7,00,000
    Targeted Therapy ₹1,00,000 - ₹3,00,000 per month
    Immunotherapy ₹1,50,000 - ₹4,00,000 per month
    Palliative Care ₹20,000 - ₹50,000 per month
    Hospitalization and Supportive Care ₹1,00,000 - ₹3,00,000

    Living with Lung Cancer : Support in India

    Living with lung cancer in India presents both challenges and opportunities for support. Patients and their families often find comfort in a growing network of support groups and organizations dedicated to cancer care nationwide. 

    These groups offer emotional support, practical advice, and foster a sense of community through regular meetings, online forums, and educational programs. Additionally, specialized healthcare facilities focusing on cancer treatment provide comprehensive services including counseling, palliative care options, and opportunities to participate in clinical trials for cutting-edge treatments.

    Furthermore, non-profit initiatives and government programs are actively working to enhance access to affordable treatments and support services, particularly in areas with limited resources. These efforts not only concentrate on medical assistance but also address the socioeconomic impact of the disease by offering financial aid and advocating for improved policies and awareness initiatives. As awareness continues to grow and support systems strengthen, individuals living with lung cancer in India are increasingly supported by an environment that aims to improve their quality of life and instill hope for the future.

    Lung Cancer treatment cost in Top Cities in India

    City Chemotherapy (INR per cycle) Radiation Therapy (INR) Surgery (INR) Targeted Therapy (INR per month) Immunotherapy (INR per month) Palliative Care (INR per month) Hospitalization and Supportive Care (INR)
    Delhi ₹60,000 - ₹2,50,000 ₹2,00,000 - ₹5,00,000 ₹3,00,000 - ₹8,00,000 ₹1,50,000 - ₹3,50,000 ₹2,00,000 - ₹5,00,000 ₹25,000 - ₹60,000 ₹1,50,000 - ₹4,00,000
    Mumbai ₹70,000 - ₹2,75,000 ₹2,50,000 - ₹5,50,000 ₹3,50,000 - ₹8,50,000 ₹1,50,000 - ₹4,00,000 ₹2,50,000 - ₹5,50,000 ₹30,000 - ₹65,000 ₹2,00,000 - ₹4,50,000
    Bangalore ₹55,000 - ₹2,20,000 ₹1,75,000 - ₹4,50,000 ₹2,50,000 - ₹7,50,000 ₹1,20,000 - ₹3,20,000 ₹1,75,000 - ₹4,50,000 ₹20,000 - ₹55,000 ₹1,25,000 - ₹3,75,000
    Chennai ₹50,000 - ₹2,00,000 ₹1,50,000 - ₹4,00,000 ₹2,00,000 - ₹7,00,000 ₹1,00,000 - ₹3,00,000 ₹1,50,000 - ₹4,00,000 ₹20,000 - ₹50,000 ₹1,00,000 - ₹3,50,000
    Hyderabad ₹60,000 - ₹2,30,000 ₹2,00,000 - ₹4,50,000 ₹2,50,000 - ₹7,50,000 ₹1,20,000 - ₹3,50,000 ₹1,75,000 - ₹4,50,000 ₹25,000 - ₹55,000 ₹1,50,000 - ₹4,00,000
    Kolkata ₹55,000 - ₹2,10,000 ₹1,75,000 - ₹4,20,000 ₹2,50,000 - ₹7,00,000 ₹1,00,000 - ₹3,20,000 ₹1,50,000 - ₹4,20,000 ₹20,000 - ₹50,000 ₹1,25,000 - ₹3,75,000
    Pune ₹50,000 - ₹2,00,000 ₹1,50,000 - ₹4,00,000 ₹2,00,000 - ₹7,00,000 ₹1,00,000 - ₹3,00,000 ₹1,50,000 - ₹4,00,000 ₹20,000 - ₹50,000 ₹1,00,000 - ₹3,50,000
    Ahmedabad ₹55,000 - ₹2,20,000 ₹1,75,000 - ₹4,50,000 ₹2,50,000 - ₹7,50,000 ₹1,20,000 - ₹3,20,000 ₹1,75,000 - ₹4,50,000 ₹20,000 - ₹55,000 ₹1,25,000 - ₹3,75,000


    Chemotherapy Therapy in India

    Therapy Type Cost per Session (₹) Hospitals Notable Doctors Cities
    Adjuvant Chemotherapy 30,000 - 1,20,000 AIIMS, Delhi
    Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
    CMC, Vellore
    Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare     		Dr. S. H. Advani, Mumbai
    Dr. Vinod Raina, Delhi     		Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Pune, Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Jaipur
    Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy 30,000 - 1,20,000 Max Super Specialty Hospital
    Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon
    Manipal Hospitals
    Narayana Health     		Dr. Rajesh Mistry, Mumbai
    Dr. Arvind Krishnamurthy, Chennai     		Delhi, Gurgaon, Bangalore, Mumbai
    Palliative Chemotherapy 20,000 - 60,000 HCG Cancer Centre
    Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare
    Max Super Specialty Hospital     		Dr. Niti Raizada, Bangalore
    Dr. Ashok Vaid, Gurgaon     		Bangalore, Gurgaon, Chennai, Mumbai
    Combination Chemotherapy 40,000 - 2,00,000 AIIMS, Delhi
    Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
    CMC, Vellore
    Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon     		Dr. Hari Goyal, Gurgaon
    Dr. Rakesh Jalali, Mumbai     		Delhi, Mumbai, Vellore, Gurgaon
    Oral Chemotherapy 10,000 - 50,000 AIIMS, Delhi
    CMC, Vellore
    Manipal Hospitals
    Narayana Health     		Dr. Sudeep Gupta, Mumbai
    Dr. P. Jagannath, Mumbai     		Delhi, Vellore, Bangalore, Mumbai
    Intravenous (IV) Chemotherapy 30,000 - 1,20,000 Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare
    Max Super Specialty Hospital     		Dr. S. H. Advani, Mumbai
    Dr. Vinod Raina, Delhi     		Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai
    Intrathecal Chemotherapy 40,000 - 1,50,000 HCG Cancer Centre
    Manipal Hospitals
    Narayana Health
    Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon     		Dr. Rajesh Mistry, Mumbai
    Dr. Arvind Krishnamurthy, Chennai     		Bangalore, Gurgaon, Chennai, Mumbai


    Radiation Therapy in India

    Therapy Type Cost per Session (₹) Hospitals Notable Doctors Cities
    External Beam Radiation Therapy (EBRT) 50,000 - 2,00,000 AIIMS, Delhi
    Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
    CMC, Vellore
    Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare     		Dr. Rakesh Jalali, Mumbai
    Dr. Tejinder Kataria, Gurgaon     		Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Pune, Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Jaipur
    Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) 1,00,000 - 3,50,000 Max Super Specialty Hospital
    Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon
    Manipal Hospitals
    Narayana Health     		Dr. G.K. Rath, Delhi
    Dr. Ashwini Budrukkar, Mumbai     		Delhi, Gurgaon, Bangalore, Mumbai
    Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) 1,50,000 - 4,50,000 HCG Cancer Centre
    Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare
    Max Super Specialty Hospital     		Dr. K. S. Gopinath, Bangalore
    Dr. Suresh H. Advani, Mumbai     		Bangalore, Gurgaon, Chennai, Mumbai
    Proton Therapy 5,00,000 - 25,00,000 Apollo Proton Cancer Centre, Chennai
    Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
    AIIMS, Delhi     		Dr. Sapna Nangia, Delhi
    Dr. Rakesh Jalali, Mumbai     		Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi
    Brachytherapy 60,000 - 2,00,000 AIIMS, Delhi
    CMC, Vellore
    Manipal Hospitals
    Narayana Health     		Dr. Vivek Agarwala, Kolkata
    Dr. Rajesh Awasthi, Mumbai     		Delhi, Vellore, Bangalore, Mumbai, Kolkata
    Image-Guided Radiation Therapy (IGRT) 1,50,000 - 4,00,000 Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare
    Max Super Specialty Hospital     		Dr. S. K. Srivastava, Delhi
    Dr. Ashwini Budrukkar, Mumbai     		Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai
    3D Conformal Radiation Therapy (3D-CRT) 70,000 - 2,50,000 HCG Cancer Centre
    Manipal Hospitals
    Narayana Health
    Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon     		Dr. C. S. Bal, Delhi
    Dr. Jalaluddin Akbar, Chennai     		Bangalore, Gurgaon, Chennai, Mumbai


    Immunotherapy in India

    Therapy Type Cost per Session (₹) Hospitals Notable Doctors Cities
    Checkpoint Inhibitors 1,00,000 - 2,50,000 AIIMS, Delhi
    Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
    CMC, Vellore
    Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare     		Dr. S. H. Advani, Mumbai
    Dr. Vinod Raina, Delhi     		Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Pune, Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Jaipur
    CAR T-Cell Therapy 20,00,000 - 50,00,000 Apollo Hospitals, Chennai
    Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
    AIIMS, Delhi     		Dr. Shyam Aggarwal, Delhi
    Dr. Navin Khattry, Mumbai     		Chennai, Mumbai, Delhi
    Cytokine Therapy 80,000 - 2,00,000 HCG Cancer Centre
    Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare
    Max Super Specialty Hospital     		Dr. Niti Raizada, Bangalore
    Dr. Ashok Vaid, Gurgaon     		Bangalore, Gurgaon, Chennai, Mumbai
    Monoclonal Antibodies 1,50,000 - 3,00,000 AIIMS, Delhi
    Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
    CMC, Vellore
    Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon     		Dr. Hari Goyal, Gurgaon
    Dr. Rakesh Jalali, Mumbai     		Delhi, Mumbai, Vellore, Gurgaon
    Oncolytic Virus Therapy 1,00,000 - 2,50,000 AIIMS, Delhi
    CMC, Vellore
    Manipal Hospitals
    Narayana Health     		Dr. Sudeep Gupta, Mumbai
    Dr. P. Jagannath, Mumbai     		Delhi, Vellore, Bangalore, Mumbai
    Non-Specific Immunotherapies 50,000 - 1,50,000 Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare
    Max Super Specialty Hospital     		Dr. S. K. Srivastava, Delhi
    Dr. Ashwini Budrukkar, Mumbai     		Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai


    Targeted Therapy in India

    Therapy Type Cost per Session (₹) Hospitals Notable Doctors Cities
    Monoclonal Antibodies 1,50,000 - 3,00,000 AIIMS, Delhi
    Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
    CMC, Vellore
    Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare     		Dr. S. H. Advani, Mumbai
    Dr. Vinod Raina, Delhi     		Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Kolkata, Pune, Ahmedabad, Lucknow, Jaipur
    Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKIs) 80,000 - 2,00,000 Max Super Specialty Hospital
    Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon
    Manipal Hospitals
    Narayana Health     		Dr. Shyam Aggarwal, Delhi
    Dr. Navin Khattry, Mumbai     		Delhi, Gurgaon, Bangalore, Mumbai
    Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibitors 1,00,000 - 2,50,000 HCG Cancer Centre
    Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare
    Max Super Specialty Hospital     		Dr. Niti Raizada, Bangalore
    Dr. Ashok Vaid, Gurgaon     		Bangalore, Gurgaon, Chennai, Mumbai
    Proteasome Inhibitors 1,50,000 - 3,00,000 AIIMS, Delhi
    Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai
    CMC, Vellore
    Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon     		Dr. Hari Goyal, Gurgaon
    Dr. Rakesh Jalali, Mumbai     		Delhi, Mumbai, Vellore, Gurgaon
    Angiogenesis Inhibitors 1,00,000 - 2,50,000 AIIMS, Delhi
    CMC, Vellore
    Manipal Hospitals
    Narayana Health     		Dr. Sudeep Gupta, Mumbai
    Dr. P. Jagannath, Mumbai     		Delhi, Vellore, Bangalore, Mumbai
    Signal Transduction Inhibitors 1,00,000 - 2,50,000 Apollo Hospitals
    Fortis Healthcare
    Max Super Specialty Hospital     		Dr. S. K. Srivastava, Delhi
    Dr. Ashwini Budrukkar, Mumbai     		Delhi, Mumbai, Bangalore, Chennai
    Hormone Therapies 50,000 - 1,50,000 HCG Cancer Centre
    Manipal Hospitals
    Narayana Health
    Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon     		Dr. C. S. Bal, Delhi
    Dr. Jalaluddin Akbar, Chennai     		Bangalore, Gurgaon, Chennai, Mumbai

    Lung Cancer in Non-Smokers


    Lung cancer is often associated with smoking, but a significant number of non-smokers are also diagnosed with this disease each year. Understanding lung cancer in non-smokers involves examining the unique risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic methods, and prevention strategies specific to individuals who have never smoked. This article delves into these aspects to provide a comprehensive overview of lung cancer in non-smokers.

    Risk Factors for Non-Smoker Lung Cancer

    • Radon Exposure
    • Secondhand Smoke
    • Air Pollution
    • Genetic Predisposition
    • Occupational Hazards
    Know more about Lung Cancer In Non-Smoker

    Lung Cancer Recurrence

    Lung cancer recurrence refers to the return of cancer after a period of remission. This can happen months or even years after the initial treatment. Recurrence can occur in the same place as the original cancer (local recurrence), nearby lymph nodes (regional recurrence), or in distant organs (distant recurrence).

    What Helps to Prevent Lung Cancer From Coming Back?

    Preventing lung cancer from coming back typically involves a combination of medical treatments.....


    Patient Testimonials

    An Lung cancer survivor’s story: Mr. Manmohan Singh - Medanta, Gurgaon
    An Lung cancer survivor’s story: Mrs. Rashmi Sharma - Max Healthcare - Lung Cancer Stage 4
    An Lung cancer survivor’s story: Mr. Hariprakash Mangla

    An Lung cancer survivor’s story: Khushi Somani - A 24-Year-Old Lung Cancer Survivor’s Message
    Mr. Rajiv khurana - Inspirational Stories of an Lung Cancer - Medanta,Gurgaon
    An oral cancer survivor’s story: Ms. Preeti Rani - Non surgical Treatment- Max Hospital

    Top Hospitals for Lung Cancer Treatment in India

    1) Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai

    Renowned for comprehensive cancer care and advanced treatment options. Offers a range of services including surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and palliative care.

    2) All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), New Delhi

    A leading government hospital known for its state-of-the-art oncology department. Provides advanced diagnostic and treatment facilities, including targeted therapy and immunotherapy.

    3) Apollo Hospitals, Chennai

    Offers a multidisciplinary approach to lung cancer treatment with advanced technology. Known for robotic surgeries and personalized cancer treatment plans.

    4) Fortis Memorial Research Institute, Gurgaon

    Equipped with cutting-edge technology and experienced oncologists. Specializes in minimally invasive surgeries and advanced radiation therapy techniques.

    5) Max Super Specialty Hospital, New Delhi

    Known for its comprehensive cancer care services and experienced oncology team. Provides a range of treatments including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and immunotherapy.

    6) Medanta - The Medicity, Gurgaon

    Offers advanced cancer treatment facilities and a multidisciplinary approach. Known for its expertise in lung cancer surgery, targeted therapy, and personalized treatment plans.

    7) Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, New Delhi

    A dedicated cancer treatment and research center with advanced facilities. Provides a comprehensive range of services including surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.

    8) Kokilaben Dhirubhai Ambani Hospital, Mumbai

    Equipped with state-of-the-art technology and a team of experienced oncologists. Known for advanced radiation therapy techniques and personalized cancer treatment.

    9) Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore

    Renowned for its comprehensive cancer care and research facilities. Offers a wide range of treatments including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy.

    10) Narayana Health (NH) Cancer Institute, Bangalore

    Offers advanced cancer care with a focus on personalized treatment plans. Known for its expertise in lung cancer surgery, chemotherapy, and immunotherapy.

    FAQ

    1. What are the common treatments available for lung cancer in India?

    Common treatments for lung cancer in India include surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy. The choice of treatment depends on the type and stage of lung cancer, as well as the patient's overall health.

    2. What is targeted therapy for lung cancer?

    Targeted therapy involves using drugs to target specific genetic mutations or proteins that contribute to cancer growth. It is a personalized treatment that can be more effective and have fewer side effects compared to traditional chemotherapy.

    3. How much does immunotherapy for lung cancer cost in India?

    The cost of immunotherapy in India can vary but typically ranges from INR 1 lakh to 2.5 lakhs per infusion, depending on the specific drug used and the treatment regimen.

    4. Are there any financial assistance programs for lung cancer treatment in India?

    Yes, various government schemes, non-governmental organizations, and patient assistance programs by pharmaceutical companies offer financial aid to cancer patients in India. Patients can also explore health insurance options to cover treatment costs.

    5. What are the side effects of lung cancer treatments?

    Side effects vary by treatment type but may include fatigue, nausea, vomiting, hair loss, skin reactions, and increased risk of infection. Targeted and immunotherapy may have specific side effects like skin rash and immune-related reactions.

    6. How is lung cancer diagnosed in India?

    Lung cancer is diagnosed through a combination of imaging tests (like CT scans and X-rays), biopsy, and laboratory tests to analyze the cancer cells. Advanced techniques like PET scans and molecular testing may also be used.

    7. Can lung cancer be treated successfully in India?

    Yes, with early detection and appropriate treatment, lung cancer can be treated successfully. The success rate depends on the cancer stage at diagnosis, the type of lung cancer, and the patient’s overall health.

    8. What are the latest advancements in lung cancer treatment available in India?

    Recent advancements include targeted therapies, immunotherapies, and minimally invasive surgical techniques. Personalized medicine, which tailors treatment based on the genetic profile of the cancer, is also becoming more common.

    9. How can I find the best lung cancer specialist in India?

    Finding the best specialist involves researching oncologists with expertise in lung cancer, reading patient reviews, and seeking recommendations from healthcare professionals. Major cancer treatment centers in India, like Tata Memorial Hospital and AIIMS, have renowned specialists.

    10. What lifestyle changes can help support lung cancer treatment?

    Maintaining a healthy diet, regular exercise, quitting smoking, reducing stress, and following medical advice can support treatment and improve overall well-being. It's also important to keep up with follow-up appointments and adhere to the treatment plan.

    Discover the Best Oncologists and Cancer Hospitals in India

    When it comes to cancer treatment, finding the right specialist and hospital can make a significant difference in the outcome. In this blog, we’ve compiled a list of the top oncologists and cancer hospitals across major cities in India, ensuring that you have access to the best care available.

    Top Oncologists in Major Cities

    For those seeking expert oncologists, we have identified the best specialists in key cities:

    Leading Cancer Hospitals

    In addition to finding the right specialist, choosing the right hospital is crucial for comprehensive cancer care. Here are the top hospitals in major cities:

    Conclusion

    Finding the right oncologist and hospital is the first step in your cancer treatment journey. Explore the links above to learn more about the top specialists and hospitals in your area.

    Discover the Best Oncologists and Cancer Hospitals in India

    When it comes to cancer treatment, finding the right specialist and hospital can make a significant difference in the outcome. In this blog, we have compiled a list of the top oncologists and cancer hospitals across major cities in India, ensuring that you have access to the best care available.

    Top Oncologists in Major Cities

    For those seeking expert oncologists, we have identified the best specialists in key cities:

    Leading Cancer Hospitals

    In addition to finding the right specialist, choosing the right hospital is crucial for comprehensive cancer care. Here are the top hospitals in major cities:

    Conclusion

    Finding the right oncologist and hospital is the first step in your cancer treatment journey. Explore the links above to learn more about the top specialists and hospitals in your area.

    Related Resources

    At ArogyaJivan, we strive to provide you with the most accurate and up-to-date information to help you make informed decisions about your healthcare. Whether you are searching for the Best Doctors in India or the Top 5 Doctors in India, our resources are tailored to guide you through your medical journey. Additionally, our comprehensive guides on the Best Hospitals in India and the Top 5 Hospitals in India will assist you in choosing the right healthcare facility for your needs. Explore these resources to ensure you receive the best possible care.